The opsins that distinguish one cone from another have provided a way to study the evolution of color vision 可用以辨别不同锥细胞的视蛋白，让我们找到了研究色觉演化的方法。
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The resulting evolutionary trees reveal that opsins are ancient proteins that existed before the emergence of the predominant groups of animals that populate the earth today 研究出来的演化树显示，视蛋白是种古老的蛋白质，早在现今居住地球上的优势动物类群出现之前就已经存在了。
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Researchers can figure out the evolutionary relations of opsins in the various classes of cones and from different species by examining the sequences of nucleotide bases ( or dna “ letters ” ) in the genes that code for these proteins 透过比对视蛋白基因的核苷酸硷基（或称dna字母）序列，研究人员就能找出不同锥细胞视蛋白以及不同物种间视蛋白的演化关系。
