In the grasses bracts are borne in pairs below the spikelets and are called glumes 在禾本科植物中苞片成对生长在每一个小穗的基部，称为颖片。
2.
The results showed that under copper and cadmium stresses sulfur and organic fertilizer fertilization increased the amounts of re - transported storage matter and nitrogen and the rate of transported storage matter and nitrogen in the leaves , leaf sheaths , glumes and spike stalks of wheat and the total amounts of re - transported storage matter and nitrogen and the total rates of transported storage matter and nitrogen in winter wheat before flowering compared with their own controls and the fertilizations with high sulfur and organic fertilizer rates did not presented a remarkable regular effect 结果表明，与各自对照相比，铜、镉胁迫下低施硫和有机肥的处理增加了小麦叶片、茎鞘、颖壳穗轴等营养器官花前贮藏物质、氮素的再运转量和运转率以及营养器官花前贮藏物质、氮素的总再运转量和总运转率，高施硫和有机肥的铜、镉处理则规律性不明显。
3.
In my present study , changes in structure and function of all parts of non - leaf organs ( culms , paleae , lemmas , awns , and glumes ) were investigated during a series of developmental stages and in various cultivars . characterization of the culms of lodging - resistant wheat varieties lodging is a potential cause of yield reduction in cereal crops ( crook et al , 1994 ) 其中，比较分析了非叶器官叶绿体超微结构的差异，测量了非叶器官的放氧和低温荧光等生理指标，尝试从结构与功能相结合的角度，探讨非叶器官在提高作物产量中所起的重要作用。
4.
In normal greenhouse condition , coda - transgenic wheat lines ( to ) had the same plant morphorlogy and pollen i2 - ki staining rate as untransformed control plant . after treating with 300 mm of 5 - fc , however , changes in configurations of spikelet , floret and anther have been observed in the transgenic lines but not in the control , and 50 % gus - positive lines displayed outside - opened glume , abnormal stamen , smaller and thinner anther , shorter filament , and failure of selfing . in parts of 5 - fc - treated transgenic lines , the pollen staining rate by i2 - ki was much lower than that of untransformed control 温室栽培的转基因小麦苗( t _ 0 )未喷5 - fc处理时植株外部形态和花粉碘-碘化钾染色的着色率与未转基因的对照没有差异；用300mm的5 - fc处理后，发现有50 gus阳性株系与对照有明显的区别，表现为小穗颖壳外张，花丝短缩，花药发育不良，较小、黄白色且花粉粒少，自花不授粉，无外来花粉授粉则不结实。
5.
Changes in chloroplast composition non - leaf organs have fewer and smaller chloroplasts than leaves . glumes and awns are organs directly exposed to light but they contain more grana per chloroplast , bigger granal stacks and more thylakoids per granal stacks and therefore their chloroplasts are more simi 4明显高于旗叶；若以放氧为标准，比较功能叶和非叶器官的光合活性，发现以叶绿素为单位，非叶器官的放氧速率与旗叶相当，或甚至高于旗叶；以单穗为单位，最高可相当于旗叶的28 。
