| 1. | Which shall prevail when they conflict with international shipping practices
当它们与国际航运惯例相? ?冲突时又应以谁为准呢？ |
| 2. | And in which way international shipping practices serve an explanatory and supplementary part for conventions , laws and contract clauses
国际航运惯例又是如何对公约、法律、合同条款起解释和补充作用的呢？ |
| 3. | The second chapter mainly introduces the history of shipping practices with a purpose of deepening the understanding of shipping practices in this respect
第二章主要是介绍了一下航运惯例的发展历史，以图加深大家对航运惯例纵向上的认识。 |
| 4. | The first part is mainly devoted to theoretical and conceptive introduction to international shipping practices , which includes the first three chapters
第一部分主要是从理论上来对国际航运惯例进行概念性的介绍，这一部分主要包括第一章、第二章以及第三章。 |
| 5. | Maritime laws constitute a special part of legal field . and as one of the origins for maritime laws , the influence of international maritime practices in this field cannot be neglected
海商海事法律领域是特殊的法律领域，作为海商法渊源之一的国际航运惯例在此领域的作用是不容忽视的。 |
| 6. | In order to make a systematic research to international shipping practices , we shall first understand what is international shipping practice and the first chapter deals with this matter
既然要对国际航运惯例进行系统的研究，首先就应明确什么是国际航运惯例，本论文在第一章就着重解决了这一问题。 |
| 7. | Clearly , rules for shipping industry consist not only of maritime laws of different nations and a number of international maritime conventions , but of statutory and non - statutory international shipping practices
我们应该明确的是，这不但包括各国海商法、各国际海事公约，还包括了成文及不成文的国际航运惯例。 |
| 8. | In practical shipping business , we are often confronted with questions like : what are the relations between international maritime conventions , laws , contract clauses and international shipping practices
在实践中，我们经常会面临着这样的疑问：国际海事公约、法律、合同条款与国际航运惯例有着什么样的关系呢 |
| 9. | Article 53 in case the carrier intends to ship the goods on deck , he shall come into an agreement with the shipper or comply with the custom of the trade or the relevant laws or administrative rules and regulations
第五十三条承运人在舱面上装载货物，应当同托运人达成协议，或者符合航运惯例，或者符合有关法律、行政法规的规定。 |
| 10. | However , china lacks systematic research in shipping practices , the knowledge and application of the same are also limited and there are frequent disputes over the existence of a certain shipping practice
然而我国一直缺乏对国际航运惯例的系统研究，国内对某一航运惯例存在与否经常产生争议，对航运惯例的认识及运用也是相当不够的。 |
